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The damage of this disease varies from 1 to 20% depending on pistachio shell the conditions, which depends on the severity of the disease, tillage operations, how to irrigate and the ratio of the number of dried trees per year to healthy trees in the same year. However, the economic value of the contaminated garden is drastically reduced, which is irreparable.

On the other hand, cultivating in infected orchards also costs a lot, and cultivated trees are also endangered and will disappear as soon as they enter the economic production cycle of the crop. The life cycle of the pathogen is still not well defined in the pistachio growing areas of the country.

The disease-causing species produce vegetative and reproductive reproductive organs on the surfaces of infected tissues that germinate in suitable conditions and actively create new infections by flooding or water-saturated soil by swimming.

This may explain how trees dry one row after another, with roots in adjacent trees in a row below the soil surface in close proximity to or in contact with each other.

However, inactive transmission of the pathogen in a garden occurs through incorrect tillage, irrigation water, pouring soil around infected trees between rows, transfer of infected soil to gardens and contamination of agricultural implements and tools.

It should be noted that inactive transfer can transport the fungus up to kilometers. Disease damage is severe in heavy and poorly drained soils. Disease management Various methods have been proposed for the management of diseases caused by Phytophthora in infected areas or gardens, but the greatest emphasis is on the use of resistant and preventive cultivars.

Unfortunately, the use of resistant rootstocks for this disease in pistachios has not been practiced so far. However, research indicates the existence of resistance sources in a number of pistachio rootstocks or cultivars.